Today in history: Pope returns from exile, Earthquake hit Italy

• 1165 Pope Alexander III returns from exile to Rome
• 1227 Polish Prince Leszek I the White is assassinated at an assembly of Piast dukes at Gąsawa.
• 1248 Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile after the city capitulates
• 1334 St Clemens Flood: Dike breaks at Flemish/Zeeuwse/Dutch coast
• 1499 Flemish pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from Tower of London. Invaded England in 1497, claiming to be the lost son of King Edward IV
• 1700 Cardinal Francesco Albani elected Pope Clemens XI
• 1705 Nicholas Rowe's play "Ulysses" premieres in London
• 1744 English premier John Carteret resigns
• 1765 People of Frederick County, Maryland refuse to pay British Stamp tax
• 1783 Annapolis Maryland, becomes US capital (until June 1784)
• 1832 French take Antwerp in liberation of Belgium
• 1834 Hector Berlioz's "Harold in Italy" premieres
• 1835 Henry Burden patents Horseshoe manufacturing machine (Troy NY)
• 1844 Independence of the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein from Denmark.
• 1848 Female Medical Educational Society forms in Boston
• 1852 Just past midnight, a sharp jolt causes Lake Merced, California, to drop 30' (9m)
• 1863 Battle of Chattanooga & Orchard Knob, TN, begins
• 1863 Patent granted for a process of making color photographs
• 1864 -25] Battle at Ball's Ferry Georgia (30 casualties)
• 1867 The Manchester Martyrs are hung at Salford Gaol, Manchester England for shotting a police officer
• 1868 Louis Ducos du Hauron patents trichrome color photo process
• 1869 In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched - one of the last clippers ever built, and the only one still surviving
• 1871 Railway bridge over Dutch Deep opens
• 1876 Columbia, Harvard & Princeton form Intercollegiate Football Association
• 1885 Amsterdam police attack meeting of social-democrats united

• 1887 Notre Dame loses its 1st football game 8-0 to Michigan
• 1887 Opera "Trumpeter of Säckingen" 1st American production (NYC)
• 1889 Debut of 1st jukebox (Palais Royale Saloon, San Francisco)
• 1890 King William III of the Netherlands dies (b. 1817) without a male heir and a special law passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to inherit.
• 1890 General elections in Italy.
• 1892 Battle of Lomani Congo: Belgian unit beats Arabs, 1000-3000 killed
• 1892 P de Coubertin launches plan for Modern Olympic Games
• 1895 4th Iron Bowl: Auburn beats Alabama 48-0 in Tuscaloosa
• 1897 Andrew J Beard invents "jerry coupler" to connect railroad cars
• 1897 Pencil sharpener patented by J L Love
• 1899 Battle at Belmont, Cape colony: general Methuen beats Farmers
• 1903 Enrico Caruso US debut (Metropolitan Opera House, NY) in "Rigoletto"
• 1903 Colorado Governor James Peabody sends the state militia into the town of Cripple Creek to break up a miners' strike.
• 1904 3rd Olympic games close in St Louis
• 1905 Henry Watson Furness, an Indiana physican, named minister of Haiti
• 1906 Joseph Smith, leader of the Mormon Church, convicted of polygamy
• 1909 7.17" (18.2 cm) of rainfall, Rattlesnake Creek, Idaho (state rec)
• 1909 Wright Brothers forms million dollar corp to manufacture airplanes
• 1911 Post Hospital at Presidio, SF renamed Letterman General Hospital
• 1912 Hamilton Alerts suspended by ORFU for refusing to field a full team in a replay of a protested game
• 1913 Jim Larkin and James Connolly establish the Irish Citizens Army in order to protect strikers
• 1914 The US Army retreats from Mexico.
• 1915 On the Tigris River in Mesopotamia, the Battle of Ctesiphon between Allied and Turkish forces enters its second day
• 1921 Pres Harding signs Willis Campell Act (anti-beer bill) forbidding doctors prescribing beer or liquor for medicinal purposes
• 1923 German army commander Gen Von Seeckt bans NSDAP & KPD
• 1923 Germany's Stresemann government falls to SPD
• 1926 Noel Coward's "This Was a Man" premieres in NYC
• 1930 NY Giant Hap Moran runs 91 yards for a TD from a scrimmage
• 1931 Nationally Crisis Committee forms in Hague
• 1934 An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lay well within Ethiopian territory. This leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
• 1936 1st issue of Life, picture magazine created by Henry R Luce is published
• 1937 Clifford Odets' "Golden Boy" premieres in NYC
• 1937 Emile Janson becomes Belgian premier
• 1939 Nazi Gov of Poland Hans Frank requires Jews to wear a blue star
• 1940 1st edition of illegal "The Truth" publishes
• 1940 Romania signs Tripartite Pact
• 1940 SD arrested resistance fighter Bernard Iron wire
• 1941 German troops conquer Klin, at NW of Moscow
• 1942 3rd & 5th Romanian army corps surrenders
• 1942 Coast Guard Woman's Auxiliary (SPARS) authorized.

1942 German 4th & 6th Army surrounded at Stalingrad

1942 Japans bombing of Port Darwin, Australia

1942 Poon Lim set adrift for 133 days after his boat is torpedoed

1942 Russian 21st Army recaptures Kalatsj at Don

1942 Steward Poon Lim begins floating in a raft 133 days

1943 1st printing of illegal "Warheid"

1943 British Forces Broadcasting Service begins operation

1943 US forces take control of Tarawa, Gilbert Island & Makin from Japanese

1943 Phils owner William D Cox is permanently banned from baseball for having bet on his own team

1944 US 7th army under Gen Patch conquers Straatsburg

1945 Most US wartime rationing of foods, including meat & butter, ends

1946 "Gypsy Lady" closes at Century Theater NYC after 79 performances

1946 34th CFL Grey Cup: Toronto Argonauts defeats Winn Blue Bombers, 28-6

1946 French Navy fire in Haiphong Vietnam, kills 6,000

1946 The Workers Party of South Korea is founded.

1947 French government of Schumann fo

• 1948 Dr Frank G Back (NYC) patents lens to provide zoom effects
• 1950 Howard Swanson's "Short Symphony" premieres
• 1953 KVFD (now KTIN) TV channel 21 in Ft Dodge, IA (NBC) 1st broadcast
• 1953 WJBF TV channel 6 in Augusta, GA (ABC) begins broadcasting
• 1954 For the first time, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the peak it reached just before the 1929 crash.
• 1955 Britain transfer Cocos (Keeling) Is in Indian Ocean to Australia
• 1959 "Fiorello!" opens at Broadhurst Theater NYC for 796 performances
• 1960 Dodgers outfielder Frank Howard is voted NL Rookie of Year
• 1960 Tinseltown dedicated its Walk of Fame at Hollywood Blvd & Vine St
• 1960 Tiros 2, a weather satellite is launched
• 1962 Dodgers shortstop Maury Wills is named NL's MVP
• 1963 "Doctor Who" the long-running British sci-fi series, debuts
• 1963 "Tambourines to Glory" closes at Little Theater NYC after 24 performances
• 1963 Horatio Alger Society founded
• • 1964 "Bajour" opens at Shubert Theater NYC for 232 performances
  • 1964 Beatles release "I Feel Fine" & "She's a Woman"
  • 1964 Vatican abolishes Latin as official language of Roman Catholic liturgy
  • 1965 31st Heisman Trophy Award: Mike Garrett, Southern Cal (RB)
  • 1965 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
  • 1966 Chicago outfielder Tommie Agee is voted AL Rookie of Year
  • 1968 "Noel Coward's Sweet Potato" closes at Booth NYC after 36 performances
  • 1968 Milwaukee Bucks make their 1st NBA trade, giving Bob Love & Bob Weiss to Chicago Bulls for Flynn Robinson
  • 1970 KNCT TV channel 46 in Belton/Killeen, TX (PBS) begins broadcasting
  • 1970 Arthur Young resigns as Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC)
  • 1971 China People's Republic seated in UN Security Council
  • 1971 Danny Murtaugh, manager of world champ Pirates, announces retirement
  • 1973 Arab summit conference adopts open and secret resolutions on the use of the oil weapons; embargo extended to Portugal, Rhodesia, and South Africa
  • 1974 60 Ethiopia government officials executed
  • 1975 63rd CFL Grey Cup: Edmonton Eskimos defeats Montreal Alouettes, 9-8
  • 1975 Bob Thomas of Chicago Bears kicks 55-yard field goal
  • 1975 Sandra Haynie wins LPGA Greater Ft Myers Golf Classic
  • 1976 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
  • 1976 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
  • 1976 Apneist Jacques Mayol is the first man to reach a depth of 100 m undersea without breathing equipment.
  • 1977 "Jesus Christ Superstar" opens at Longacre Theater NYC for 96 performances
  • 1977 European weather satellite Meteosat 1 launched from Cape Canaveral
  • 1979 Pink Floyd's "The Wall" released, sells 6 million copies in 2 weeks
  • 1980 4,800 die in series of earthquakes that devastated southern Italy
  • 1980 68th CFL Grey Cup: Edmonton Eskimos defeats Hamilton Tiger-Cats,              48-10
  • 1980 National Black Independent Party forms
  • 1982 Challenger moves to Vandenberg AFB & mated for STS-6
  • 1982 FCC drops limits on duration & frequency of TV ads
  • 1982 NY Islanders & Minn North Stars play to an 8-8 tie
  • 1983 Soyuz T-9 lands
  • 1983 USSR leave weapon disarmament talks
  • 1984 Limited-over intl cricket debut for Wasim Akram, v NZ
  • 1984 Test Cricket debut of David Boon age 23 & Bob Holland age 38 (v WI)
  • 1984 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
  • 1984 Boston College QB Doug Flutie passes (472 yards), including game ending 48 yard TD (Hail Mary Pass) to end game & beat Miami 47-45
  • 1985 58 die as Egyptian commandos storm hijack Egyptair jet in Malta
  • 1985 Retired CIA analyst Larry Wu-tai Chin, arrested of spying for China
  • 1988 France performs nuclear test
  • 1988 Wayne Gretzky scores his 600th NHL goal
  • 1988 Yankees sign free agent 2nd-baseman Steve Sax to 3-year contract
  • 1988 President Reagan announces that he is pocket-vetoing a bill designed to further restrict lobbying by former federal employees.
  • 1989 Pilots Union give up sympathy strike against Eastern Airlines
  • 1989 Xenophobia Zolotas sworn in as premier of Greece.
  • 1991 Sacramento Kings ends NBA's longest road losing streak at 43 games
  • 1991 Sam's Town Bowling Invitational won by Lorrie Nichols
  • 1991 Brigham Young Ty Detmer finishes NCAA career with record 4,031 yards passed in a season & 15,031 for career
  • 1992 "Someone Who'll Watch Over Me" opens at Booth NYC for 232 performances
  • 1992 10,000,000 cellular telephone sold
  • 1993 "Angels in America-Perestroika" opens at Walter Kerr NYC for 216 performances
  • 1996 Irene Skliva, 18, of Greece, crowned 46th Miss World
  • 1996 The Republic of Angola officially joins the World Trade Organization.
  • 1996 61st Iron Bowl: Alabama beats Auburn 24-23 in Birmingham
  • 1997 Annika Sorenstam wins ITT LPGA Tour Championship.
• 1998 Agreement between Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen and his rival, prince Norodom Ranariddh.
• 2001 Convention on Cybercrime is signed in Budapest, Hungary.
• 2001 53rd NASCAR Sprint Cup: Jeff Gordon wins
• 2002 67th Iron Bowl: Auburn beats Alabama 17-7 in Tuscaloosa
• 2003 Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze resigns following weeks of mass protests over flawed elections.
• 2008 97th Davis Cup: Spain beats Argentina in Mar del Plata (3-1)
• 2008 96th CFL Grey Cup: Calgary Stampeders defeats Montreal Alouettes, 22-14
• 2008 Economists at the University of Hawaii report that the state entered recession in the previous quarter based on the drop in tourist figures and growing unemployment, with 8,800 jobs expected to be cut in 2009
• 2009 The Maguindanao massacre occurs in Ampatuan, Maguindanao, Mindanao, Philippines
• 2010 The Bombardment of Yeonpyeong occurs on Yeonpyeong Island, South Korea. The North Korean artillery attack kills 2 civilians and 2 South Korean marines.
• 2011 Arab Spring: After 11 months of protests in Yemen, The Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh Signs a deal to transfer power to the vice president, in exchange for legal immunity.
• 2012 JR Tokai unveil a maglev LO train prototype capable of travelling up to 500km per hour
• 2014 A suicide bomber kills 40 people at a volleyball tournament in eastern Afghanistan
• 2014 An adviser to the Kenyan president says the slaughter of 28 people on a bus by the Somali militant Islamist group al-Shabab is intended to create a religious war in the country
• 2014 A magnitude 6.7 earthquake strikes central Japan
• 2014 Mass protests in Mexico by relatives of 43 missing Mexican students, who the authorities say were murdered by a drugs gang
• 2014 Magnus Carlsen defends his World Chess Championship title after defeating Vishy Anand
• 2014 103rd Davis Cup: Switzerland beats France in Lille (3-1), winning the Davis Cup for the first time
• 2014 65th Formula One WDC: Lewis Hamilton wins by 67 points
• 2015 President Yahya Jammeh of Gambia bans female genital mutilation
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